Executive Order
#14193 of February 1, 2025, Executive Order 14197 of February 3, 2025, Executive Order 14226 of March 2, 2025, and Executive Order 14231 of March 6, 2025
Highlights
Announces sweeping tariffs: 25 % on most Canadian goods, 10 % on energy products.
EO 14197 (3 Feb) – Hits the pause button, delaying the start date to study economic fallout.
EO 14226 (2 Mar) – Softens the blow for the U.S. auto sector by trimming or deferring tariffs on critical cross-border automotive inputs.
EO 14231 (6 Mar) – Adds a carve-out: temporary exemptions for USMCA-compliant goods, shielding roughly 38 % of Canadian exports from the new duties.
Key Compliance/Risk Cue
Canada hit back on 13 Mar 2025 with 25 % tariffs on $29.8 B in U.S. goods, pulled U.S. liquor from store shelves, and froze new provincial contracts with American firms—raising costs in autos, agriculture, and energy despite narrow USMCA exemptions.
Litigation Snapshot
Webber (tribal members) and V.O.S. (importers) suits attack the tariff program—V.O.S. won a nationwide CIT injunction (now stayed); together they drag EOs 14197, 14226 and 14231 into court. On August 29, 2025, the Federal Circuit found that the IEEPA did not clearly authorize broad, wartime-style tariff measures as seen in various EOs, such as EO#14256, in particular. On Sept. 9, 2025, the U.S. Supreme Court granted cert. on September 9, 2025, to review federal appellate court rulings that found President Donald Trump exceeded his authority in imposing sweeping tariffs under emergency powers.